Incident Grading (P1)
The Police have for main tpyes of incident grading which decide how they respond to the incident. This are: Grade 1 Response (Emergency Response), Is where the incident is taking place, this could mean that someone's life is in danger, there could be violence used, serious injury to a peron or damage to property.
Grade 2 (Priortiy Response), This where the person calling notices the incident is of some iprotance but the is no need for an emergency response. These could include: a genuie concern for someones welfare, The offender has already been detianed or a road traffic colliusion that involes an obstruction.
Grade 3 (Shceduled response), This type of response is used when it is belived that needs of the caller are best achieved throught shceduled meeting's becuase the response time isn't nessercary to catching the offender or a better quality of police actions can be used if the meeting is shceduled.
Grade 4 (Resolution Without Deployment) This is when that no need to deploy and officers, this would be used when someone is issued a speeding ticket and is rang over mailed about a speeding awareness event.
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Roles and Responsibilities (P2)
The roles and responsibilities of the first emerency service at the scene of an emerency incident. They must give other services information on: The best way to approach the scene whether it is through the suburbs, inter city or country lanes ect. The number of causilties at the scene. If there is any hazards at the scene. They will also need to tell any other emergency serives if they are need at the scene. They need to say if any other emergency services attending the scene will encounter any obrtutions. Also the First crew must tell other services the servarity of the incident by using the incident grading.
Police - Roles and Resposibilities.
The roles of the Police are to: upfold the queens peace, firmly keep the law, procet and reassure the members of the community, to bring justice to those who break the law and to act with ressonable and fair judgement.
Fire - Roles and Resposibilities.
The roles of the Fire serive is to: pervent Fires, keep fires under control, to quartine hazzardous areas, protect the lives of cillivians, protect the enriovement and to preserve evidence at the scene of an arson.
Ambulance - Roles and Resposibilities.
The roles of the Ambulance serive are to: save lives, Provide medical and stablise of the causlites at the scene and to provide support to the causlites family and friends.
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Importance of Safely Responding to Emergency Incidents as an Emergency Response Driver (P3)
It is important to respond safely to emergency incidents beause the response driver is driving at high speeds throught either small villages or the crowded towns and cities, and if their not trained to drive at high speed they could cause more damge to people or property.
Also if the response driver is to slow the injuried people involved could die before help get's to the scene. All response driver must take an advance driving test to ensure that they can drive at high speeding and keep control of thier vehciles. However even thorught the response drivers can't drive a certian percentage higher than the accutal speed limit, for example if the speed limit is 30mph the response drivers are only allowed to drive at a top speed of 60mph. This is because of extra associated danger areas, which are things like lamp post or pedestirans which increase the changes of hitting something or someone.
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Scene Preservation and the Service Provisions of Specialist Units at Emergency Incidents (P4)
When the specialist unit arrive at the scene they must record the time, date and weather conditions. then units like the forensic scientist come to the scene and take and test items from the scene to see who was responsable for the incdent. The specialist units must take immediate action to stop any evidence from being comtaminated or destroyed by the weather. Also any witnessess must have their details taken so they can be contacted. It is also important tht they record and montior any evidence that is taken away from the scene so that no evidence goes missing and damages the cause.
Scene Preservation and the Service Provisions of Specialist Units at Emergency Incidents (P4)
When the specialist unit arrive at the scene they must record the time, date and weather conditions. then units like the forensic scientist come to the scene and take and test items from the scene to see who was responsable for the incdent. The specialist units must take immediate action to stop any evidence from being comtaminated or destroyed by the weather. Also any witnessess must have their details taken so they can be contacted. It is also important tht they record and montior any evidence that is taken away from the scene so that no evidence goes missing and damages the cause.
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Statutory and Voluntary Agencies (P5)
Staurory agencies are services like the poilce, fire and ambulance. these will always attend an emergency incident. However at some incidents they will be helpped by voluntary agencies like: saint john's ambulance and the police special constubles.
If an incident does require both statutory and voluntry agencies, they will work together safely and effiently as possible. An example of both agencies working together is if there is a causlty in the hills the moutin reasuce (voluntary) would be on scene to try and help the causlty and provide information to the ambulance services who would usally send the air ambulance to take the causlty to hospital as a normal ambulace wouldn't be able to get the the injuried person.
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Health and Safety Measures (P6)
The health and safety at work ect Act of 1974 is the primary of legislation covering work related to health and safety.
The first crew on the sence must complete a mental risk assesment to note how safe the scene is and whether extra procautions are necessary to ensure the safety of any other crews that will be attending the sence
For example, if there was a power line in a pool of water the first crew would cordon off the area so no-one can go near it untill the power is shut off and the made safe to move. Also the first crew must move any other members of the public away from the sence for their personal safety
The first crew on the sence must complete a mental risk assesment to note how safe the scene is and whether extra procautions are necessary to ensure the safety of any other crews that will be attending the sence
For example, if there was a power line in a pool of water the first crew would cordon off the area so no-one can go near it untill the power is shut off and the made safe to move. Also the first crew must move any other members of the public away from the sence for their personal safety
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In conlision it is extremly inportant the the emergency services follow all health and safetly laws to ensure there personal safety and the saftey of others.
Roles and Responsibilities (M1)
The Police, Ambulance and Fire service all have their own responsibilities; however they all must work together at a major emergency incident.
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The Police
The Police have to keep the traffic moving to aviod delays, they must also block of the collision from any civillians so that the other emergency services can do thier job quickly and effectivly.
If the police are first to attend a scene they must create a log of the incident for other services to look at when they arrive so they know what has happened and what has to be done to resovle the incident quickly and efficently.
It is most likely that the incident will be a crime scene and it is the polices job to find out who is responsible for coursing the collision and gathering evidence of a conviction. they would beathalise the people involved in the collision and see who has the darkes tire makes on the road this would be a good indication that they driver of that car would be speeding
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Ambulance
The first priorty of the ambulance service is to save the lifes of any casualties involved in the incident.
Also they must provide treatment and stabilise the casualties at the scene, unless they immediately need to get to hospital for more servire treatment.
Also if the ambulance service is the first on the scene they would need to produce a log for all other services attending the scene to work from.
In a head on collision,the driver of the other car is still alive but unconscious, due to the other two people already fatal, the priority is will the person from the other car who is still alive.
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Fire service
The fire crews must extingush fires and to cut any casualies that are trapped in the car quickly and safely.
The Fire service must detect and protect the scene from any hazards that may compromise the scene later for investigation.
The firwe service must also make a log if they are the first to the scene they must also create a log for all others to work from
If in a collision there is some trapped in thier car. both the fire and ambulance services will work together to get the person out before thier injuries get any worst.
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Scene prevervation M2
Scene perervation is very important; upon arrival the first officer must record the time date and weather conditions, they must also take measures to preverse the scene as much as possible and secure the area to prevent any evidence for becoming comtanintaed. Nobody should be left allow in the crime scene, this will stop them from removing any evidence from the scene. The smallest piece of evidence can link anybody to the crime e.g. A strand of hair, blood, finger nails and even tread off a pair of shoes.
The services dealing with the scene have got to ensure that they do not cross comtaninate any evidence.
They are required to wear:
- Gloves - so no finger prints our transfered.
- Masks and Hoods - so no hair or sweat can fall from the body to the floor.
- No tread shoes, covers for the shoes - if shoes are coverd in mud they may leave a certain print.
- Long clothing on the arm and legs.
- In some circumstances goggles may be worn - if forensics are dealing with gases or liquids.
Sketches and photographs of the scene are produced at the very begining of the investigation. This is a very important piece of preserving the crime secne. If the investigators notice that something of importance is missing or it has been moved throughout the investigation, they can refer to the photos or sketches to prove their enquiery.
Specialist Units such as forensics, will be needed at the crime scene due to their special training and equipment. A normal police Sergeant would not have the skills or training to perform experiments and other preservation skills. The scene has to be left alone to the specialists. The responding services can still cordon of the area and make the appropriate actions to control the crowd etc. The responding services do not have to leave the area completely. They will still be requiered stay and help the specialist service, for example, if crowds are getting too big to deal with, the police are there to control them.
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Health and Safety (M3)
Other health and Safety legislation that is used by the Police is the Police (Health and Safety) Act 1997 and the Subsequent Police Health and Safety Regulations 1999, which is a review of the First Act mentioned. Both of these came about due to the Health and Safety at work ect Act 1974.
On arrival at the scene, the crew must move all pedestrians away from the scene to make sure that no harm can come to them or to the first crew on the scene due to the pedestrians getting in the way of the services. Also, all other crews must be briefed on what has happened by the first crew to find where all the risks on the scene are. The emergency services must also be careful of what they do at the scene to ensure that they do not cause themselves any harm, or anybody involed at the scene, and to prevent any casualties any further harm.
It is also standard for all emergency response drivers to take an advanced driver course to ensure that they can safely drive at high speed when in crowded areas whilst responding to emergency incidents. This is to ensure that no other incidents occur due to the emergency services actions whilst they are responding to emergency incident.
On arrival at the scene, the crew must move all pedestrians away from the scene to make sure that no harm can come to them or to the first crew on the scene due to the pedestrians getting in the way of the services. Also, all other crews must be briefed on what has happened by the first crew to find where all the risks on the scene are. The emergency services must also be careful of what they do at the scene to ensure that they do not cause themselves any harm, or anybody involed at the scene, and to prevent any casualties any further harm.
It is also standard for all emergency response drivers to take an advanced driver course to ensure that they can safely drive at high speed when in crowded areas whilst responding to emergency incidents. This is to ensure that no other incidents occur due to the emergency services actions whilst they are responding to emergency incident.
All services are requiered to wear personal protective equipement (PPE). Each service has different PPE. the legisation which enforces this is PPE Regulations at Work Act 1992. This means that all employees must wear the correct equipment to ensure their safety. All equipment must assessed before it is use to ensure it is suitable, it must be stored correctly. All the PPE comes with instructions on how to use the equipment safely and employees must wear it correctly.
Another act that must be followed when at a major incident is the RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations) Act 1995, this is a legal requirement, it is also done so the HSE (Health and Safety Executives) identify where and how risks arise, that way they can then give advice on how to prevent incidents from happening again.
Another health and safety law that must be used whilst at a road taffic collision is COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Act 2002. COSHH is a law the requires public service personal to control any substance that can be hazardous to other people or the enviroment.
There are many ways which this is done, some of these are:
- Finding out what the health hazards are.
- Risk assessment.
- Planning for emergencies.
- Locking any hazardous liquids are or preventing people from making contact with the material
- If the public serivces are useing a hazardous material it is vital that they follow any instrutions that are given with it to prevent any injuries.
